高速火焰噴塗HVOF (高速氧燃料)
此方法是氧和煤油的熱能來源在熱噴塗球面的最先進技術。氧和煤油沿軸向到燃燒室,藉由霧化和火星塞的火花點火。然後,燃燒產物收斂發散噴射器以加速至超音速值(1-2馬赫)。在燃燒室的壓力進行監控,以確保穩定的燃燒條件和流程的可重現性。燃燒器可藉由水進行冷卻,於燃燒器的空隙流動。
燃燒氣體在噴射器可加快輸出速度至超音速值。粉末材料是由氣 - 氮氣載送,呈現放射狀從進給至兩側擴散,他們會經由熔煉和透過噴射器而明顯加快速度,在塗佈零件的方向而言。熱力過程經油燃燒氣體流動藉由超音速的速度運行,導致膨脹和壓縮波,即所謂的衝擊鑽石(shock diamonds),於燃燒器發出的火焰目視可得。
粉末顆粒的高速會以衝擊形式,進行均勻擴散及碇泊顆粒至背景材料,此會產生高密度和HVOF噴塗塗料的附著力。相對低的火焰溫度約 2600° C,限制了陶瓷塗料技術。相反的,相變化和噴塗過程中噴塗材料的某些元素的燃燒,可以消除氧化。與熱噴塗的所有其他方法相較之下,此技術獨特的性質在於提供壓應力塗料。塗料壓應力可顯著增加噴塗應用的附著力至背景材料(凝聚力ca 70MPa),此從包覆顆粒的疲勞特性的觀點來看也較為有利。
火焰熱能融入此一技術至金屬噴塗及其合金的低和中等熔融溫度。 HVOF噴塗的典型材料如:金屬陶瓷(陶瓷金屬)、最常見的鎢碳化物和鉻合金基。不同環境中抗磨損,耐腐蝕塗料皆為其典型之應用。
噴塗的基本參數:
Particles velocity [m.s-1] |
Adhesion [MPa] |
Oxygen content [%] |
Porosity [%] |
Spraying output [kg.h-1] |
Typical spraying thickness [mm] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
600 ÷ 1000 | < 70 | 1 ÷ 2 | 1 ÷ 2 | 3 ÷ 6 | 0,2 ÷ 2 |
- Added material - Powder
- Kerosene inlet
- Oxygen inlet
- Spray
- Background
- Sparkling plug
Advantages | Disadvantages |
---|---|
High spray density | Noise level to 130 dB |
High cohesion | Ceramic coating not applicable |
Low porosity and oxygen content | Inner surfaces spray limitation |
Low temperature of the background up to 150°C | |
Pressure stress in spray coat | |
Wide variety of powders |
Our company is using the equipment JP-5000 of American company Praxair TAFA with the system HP/HVOF (High Pressure High Velocity Oxy-Fuel) www.praxair.com with the powder feeder HVOF System Powder Feeder 1264.
Positioner with NC equipment enables with high accuracy coating of cylindrical and spherical surfaces with the diameter to 1100 mm and length 3500 mm.
As adding materials we use powder only from the company PRAXAIR, Inc. USA on the basis:
- Tungsten carbide
- Chrome carbide
- Nickel (Alloy 625)
- Cobalt (TRIBALLOY 400, TRIBALLOY 800)
- Iron (SS 316)
- and their mixtures